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PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to present a better understanding of the specialized telehealth service in Bangladesh from the service provider and service recipients by aged people METHOD: Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used to collect data from Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients. Data were collected by online telephone interviewing with an interview schedule. A total of 100 aged people with diabetes were selected purposively for a quantitative interview and 10 In-depth Interviews (IDIs) & Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) were conducted. RESULT: The majority of patients aged was between 61 to 68 years with a mean age of 63.6 +/- 7.01years. The difference of age of DM patients by sex was found statistically significant (x2 = 39.49, df = 31;Cramer's V = .032;P=<.003). The main source of information about digital health was: relatives (55%), neighbors (31%), television (12%), newspaper (10%), social media (9%), and healthcare providers (6%). Strong relationship was found between age of respondents and sources of information (x2= 77.08;Cramer's V= .032, df = 13;Sig;P= < .009). About 59% of DM patients were benefited from telehealth services during COVID-19, however;they encountered some difficulties like effective access to digital technology, cost, and diagnosis facilities. About 83% of respondents suggest formalizing community engagement programs to extend the digital health services during a health emergency. The common barriers to the engagement of community people in digital health care are lack of social awareness, lack of peer group support, and gender disparities. Poor counseling, language barrier, bad internet signal, and lack of family members' support were the key barriers during teleconsultation services. CONCLUSION: Telehealth has the potential to address critical health issues of aged people and effective community engagement may be the best option to reach older people with diabetes in Bangladesh during any health emergency.
ABSTRACT
A new pandemic disease named as novel corona virus disease (COVID-19) was discovered during end of 2019 in Wuhan city of China and was quickly spread throughout the globe. But, till now no medicine is available to fight against the infection caused by the disease. The infection may also be transmitted easily from person to person through highly infectious nasal droplets when a healthy person comes in contact with a distance of less than 1m from the affected person. The doctors, physicians as well as nurses consult the patients very closely to assess the health conditions of the affected persons and there is a great chance that they may carry infection from them. In this work, we have proposed an intelligent mask to assist COVID-19 patients/doctors/nurses with an innovative SensMask to address this issue. This mask contains GPS sensor, IR proximity sensor, walk sensor and FS5 sensor. All patients need to wear this mask to observe the health details. Such sensors monitor health data from patients and send it to the cloud through the home/hospital-based local cloudlet. The cloudlet information is used by physicians for further diagnosis of patients. This proposed approach was simulated and the results obtained indicate that it helps in maximizing throughput and reduced delay. © 2021 Instituto Politecnico Nacional. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
After 2002-2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) epidemic, 2012-2013 Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus epidemic, ultimately COVID-19 pandemic started in December 2019 and still is going on steadily affecting millions and millions of people taking the precious life of more than one and half millions of people throughout the world, the highest affected country being the United States followed by Italy, France, and so on. Remembering the methods of spreading of infection by droplets and aerosol, high infectivity of this organism, at the same time near absence of biosafety in highly populated areas in the world and the presence of large number of asymptomatic or very minimally symptomatic patients various methods of detection approved by the Food and Drug Administration or different national health organizations, such as rapid antigen test and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction methods, should be started for detection of an infected person for treatment.
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Objectives: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS- CoV-2) remains a serious global threat. At the time of writing, there are no specific therapeutic agents or vaccines to combat this disease. This study was designed to identify the SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors using drug molecule information retrieved from DrugBank 5.0 (Wishart et al.) Methods: A set of common pharmacophores were generated from a series of 22 known SARS-CoV inhibitors. The best pharmacophore used for virtual screening (VS) of DrugBank using the Phase module followed by structure-based virtual screening (VS) using Glide (Release 2020-1;Schrodinger LLC, New York, NY, USA) with SARS-CoV-2 main protease and 50 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies. Results: Six hits were selected based on the fitness score, extra-precision Glide score, and binding affinity with the main protease (Mpro). The predicted inhibitor constant (Ki) values of the 3 best hits, DB03777, DB06834, and DB07456, were 0.8176, 0.2148, and 0.1006 mu M, respectively. An MD simulation of DB07456 and DB13592 with the Mpro demonstrated stable protein-ligand complexes. Conclusion: The selected inhibitors displayed a similar type of binding interaction with co-ligands and remdesivir, and the predicted Ki values of 2 inhibitors were found to be superior to remdesivir. These selected hits may be used for further in vitro and in vivo studies against the SARS- CoV-2 Mpro.
ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic initially started from the Wuhan capital city of Hubei Province in the People’s Republic of China had now led to a severe public health hazard across the globe, the recorded death is approximately 958 thou-sand globally and counting. With the enormous amount of spread of the dis-ease, a severe crisis for Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is being noticed across the globe. Face masks being the first line of defence for all the health-care workers as well for the common public. It became mandatory to wear face masks before entering the patient care area. The countries who are not manufacturing it locally had to depend on other countries for the procurement. As there is a severe supply chain disruption due to the lockdown measures taken by all the countries to contain the disease, so it had become difficult to procure the face masks from the manufacturing countries. The price for these PPEs is also rising at an alarming rate with the increase in the COVID-19 cases and the huge rate of consumption by the healthcare and other sectors. Therefore, with limited resources, the hospital has to run its services. The CDC, WHO and ICMR have released several guidelines from time to time for sterilization and reuse of face masks. This article will discuss the various methods that can be utilized to sterilize the face masks and reuse of it.
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Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 or Covid-19 Pandemic has become a globally recognized public-health phenomenon. As of September 2020, over 30 million people have been affected worldwide, and more than 1 million deaths have been registered. Healthcare professionals & researchers around the world are working hand in hand to find a vaccine or an efficient cure for this dis-ease. Till then, a large part of the globe remains under lock down, and people are advised to follow certain guidelines like social distancing, practicing hand hygiene, etc. Pharmacists are one of the key healthcare workers who are working to fight this Pandemic. This commentary is an effort to describe their role in combating this Pandemic in a developing nation India. They are responsi-ble for manufacturing/ supplying/dispensing of drugs to the ailing patients in the hospitals and community. In rural areas, pharmacists are expected to provide medical guidance. They play a vital role in medical information services within the hospital, along with providing Pharmacovigilance activities related to Covid-19 drugs. The essentiality of the presence of clinical pharmacists is being felt increasingly in India, where the healthcare workforce is limited. The safety of these caregivers during this Pandemic should be a pri-ority so that this healthcare force can be efficiently utilized in managing the Pandemic in the country in the coming days.
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Background: Bangladesh is a highly populated country for that reason COVID-19 is highly transmittable infection in Bangladesh.
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After the discovery of human coronavirus from the samples of human respiratory tract in 1960 by Dr June Almeida several years elapsed before epidemics occurred in China in 2002-2003 as SARS-CoV and epidemics in Middle East countries in 2012-2014 as MERS-CoV. But recently in December, 2019 in Wuhan in China the novel coronavirus started its journey and ultimately spread worldwide to involve millions of people and took the life of more than 1.25 lakh of affected patients. There are recurrent antigenic changes in this virus, SARS-CoV-2, which has to be determined by the scientists all over the world to discover the definite medicine as well as vaccines for prevention.